The date was gradually incorporated into state and municipal calendars, becoming a holiday in some locations, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Alagoas. However, the nationalization of the holiday faced resistance over the years, due to economic and political issues, ranging from financial concerns to a lack of political consensus.
In 2024, after decades of struggle by the black movement and political articulations, Black Consciousness Day was made official as a national holiday. The decision resulted from the approval of Bill No. 482/2017 , which was processed in the National Congress for more than seven years.
The process involved intense debates between ukraine mobile database parliamentarians, experts and representatives of civil society. Supporting arguments highlighted the relevance of the date as an opportunity to raise awareness and the importance of the holiday in combating structural racism. On the other hand, critics mentioned possible economic impacts.
The project advanced with the support of groups committed to social issues and was sanctioned by the Presidency of the Republic in early 2024. In his sanction speech, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva highlighted the symbolism of the date as a milestone in the recognition of the history and struggle of black people in Brazil.
Curiosities and historical events
Black Awareness Day brings to light important reflections on Brazilian cultural formation. The country has the largest black population outside of the African continent, with more than 56% of Brazilians identifying themselves as black or brown, according to the IBGE.
Among the historical milestones associated with the date, it is worth highlighting:
Recognition of Zumbi as a national hero
In 1997, on the tercentenary of Zumbi's death, then-president Fernando Henrique Cardoso officially instituted the title of national hero for the quilombola leader.
The inclusion of teaching Afro-Brazilian history
In 2003, Law No. 10,639 made the teaching of African history and Afro-Brazilian culture mandatory in schools.