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Wine is a drink that has accompanied humanity for thousands of years. However, despite its popularity, many people do not know how to choose the right wine and evaluate its quality. Ulyana Rudzevich, founder of the Somm wine school, spoke about what types of wine there are, how to distinguish the "wheat" from the "chaff" and make the right choice.

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How is wine made?
In order to learn to understand wine, it is important to start israel telegram with the basics. The history of winemaking goes back more than eight thousand years, but it is only in the last hundred and fifty to two hundred years that people have begun to approach the process of making wine from the point of view of modern scientific achievements and with a clear understanding of what actions lead to the appearance of the drink.

The process of making wine is long and labor-intensive, and it can vary depending on the region, the approach the winery takes, and the end result it is supposed to achieve. But, in general, wine is the product of the fermentation of grape juice, which occurs thanks to sugar, yeast, and the right conditions.

Both sugar and yeast are naturally present in grapes. Sugar is synthesized in the green parts of the vine, and the sweetness of grapes depends on the variety, the degree of ripeness, and the climate in which they grow.

The yeast responsible for fermentation is called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It lives on the skin of the berries themselves. Reacting with sugar, the yeast begins to absorb it, producing alcohol. The more sugar, the higher the alcohol content in the wine. Traditional winemaking uses its own strains of yeast, which are added at the fermentation stage.



Stages of wine production
The wine production process is divided into several stages:
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Grape harvesting. Depending on the level of the winery and the principles it adheres to, the berries can be picked either manually or using special equipment. After picking, the grapes are sorted, separating out low-quality berries. This process can also be either automatic or mechanical.
Making must. After the grapes are harvested, they are turned into must. Essentially, the integrity of the berry must be broken so that the juice is released, but the seed is not damaged. All further manipulations with the must depend on what kind of wine is being produced - white or red.
Maceration. This is the infusion of grape juice with skins and seeds. In the process, the future wine is filled with flavors, aromas and tannins. In the case of white wine, maceration is carried out at low temperatures and takes a short time; for red wine, this process is longer and is done simultaneously with fermentation.